Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) is one of the largest militant groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

The organization claims to expose exploitation and oppression of the people of the Niger Delta and devastation of the natural environment by public- private partnerships between the Federal Government of Nigeria and corporations involved in the production of oil in the Niger Delta. Watch Ajnabee Online Free 2016. MEND's stated goals are to localize control of Nigeria's oil and to secure reparations from the federal government for pollution caused by the oil industry.

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In an interview with one of the group's leaders, who used the alias Major- General Godswill Tamuno, the BBC reported that MEND was fighting for "total control" of the Niger Delta's oil wealth, saying local people had not gained from the riches under the ground and the region's creeks and swamps."[1]MEND has been linked to attacks on petroleum operations in Nigeria as part of the conflict in the Niger Delta, engaging in actions including sabotage, theft, property destruction, guerrilla warfare, and kidnapping.[2] It has been described as ".. In a January 2. 00. MEND warned the oil industry, "It must be clear that the Nigerian government cannot protect your workers or assets. Leave our land while you can or die in it.. Our aim is to totally destroy the capacity of the Nigerian government to export oil."[4]Additionally MEND called upon then President, Olusegun Obasanjo, to free two jailed Ijaw leaders — Mujahid Dokubo- Asari, who was in jail at the time on charges of treason, and Diepreye Alamieyeseigha, a former governor of Bayelsa State convicted of corruption.

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Obasanjo's successor, President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua authorised the release of Dokubo- Asari and Alamieyeseigha in 2. Origins and context[edit]For the roughly fifty years since Nigeria declared independence from British colonial rule, oil has been produced in Nigeria. Throughout this period, corporate politics has intersected with successive dictatorships. Under these dictatorships the Nigerian government has signed laws that appropriated oil resources and placed these under the control of multinational oil companies, such as Chevron Corporation and most notoriously, Royal Dutch Shell. From the point of view of MEND, and its supporters, the people of the Niger Delta have suffered an unprecedented degradation of their environment due to unchecked pollution produced by the oil industry.

As a result of this policy of dispossessing people from their lands in favor of foreign oil interests, within a single generation, many now have no ability to fish or farm. People living in the Niger Delta have found themselves in a situation where their government and the international oil companies own all the oil under their feet, the revenues of which are rarely seen by the people who are suffering from the consequences of oil extraction. Kenneth Roth, Executive Director of Human Rights Watch, has said of the situation: The oil companies can't pretend they don't know what's happening all around them. The Nigerian government obviously has the primary responsibility to stop human rights abuse.

But the oil companies are directly benefiting from these crude attempts to suppress dissent, and that means they have a duty to try and stop it. Eghare W. O. Ojhogar, chief of the Ugborodo community, said: "It is like paradise and hell. They have everything.

We have nothing.. If we protest, they send soldiers."Over the last twenty years various political movements and activists have emerged in opposition to the perceived injustices perpetrated upon the people of the Niger Delta by the government and the oil companies.

These were usually nonviolent; Ken Saro- Wiwa was the most famous activist. Saro- Wiwa was an Ogoni poet- turned- activist who was executed by the Nigerian government in 1.

Nigeria. In Saro- Wiwa's footsteps came others who, having seen the government's reaction to nonviolent activism, advocated violence as resistance to what they regarded as the enslavement of their people. Militants in the delta enjoy widespread support among the region's approximately 2. With this background, a series of meetings In November 2. Federation of Niger Delta Ijaw Communities (FNDIC), the Niger Delta Peoples Volunteer Force (NDPVF), along with fighters from Cult groups such as Klansmen Konfraternity (KK) and Greenlanders led to the emergence of a new group called MEND. An agreement was also made to start using militant force to attack oil installations.[7]Following a string of Boko Haram bombings in Nigeria in the 2.

Christian targets, MEND threatened to bomb mosques and assassinate Muslim clerics. MEND spokesman Jomo Gbomo said a campaign will start on 3. May "to save Christianity in Nigeria from annihilation.

The bombings of mosques, haj camps, Islamic institutions, large congregations in Islamic events and assassinations of clerics that propagate doctrines of hate will form the core mission of this crusade." However, Operation Barbarossa would be called off if Christian organisations and the Henry Okah intervene; it further called on Boko Haram to stop attacking Christians and churches.[8] It then announced a suspension of the plans after calls from religious groups and prominent citizens such as Henry Okah.[9]Constituency and organization[edit]MEND is closely connected with Asari's Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force, a rebel group with similar aims. MEND reportedly seeks "a union of all relevant militant groups in the Niger Delta."[1.

However, the identity of MEND is somewhat obscure since its leaders like to remain faceless[1. MEND, one of which is claiming responsibility for some of the violence that has occurred. However, the original members of MEND (recognized as MEND by the United States government and Chevron security), have claimed that impostors are causing some of the violence that is now occurring.[1. MEND's evolving approach to conducting warfare has been described as "open source",[1. Former United States Air Force "counter- terrorism" officer, technology analyst, and software entrepreneur, John Robb, in a Wired Magazine interview about the emergence of "open source guerrillas", alleged that MEND "doesn’t even field its own guerillas. They hire their experts and fighters mostly from criminal gangs and tribal warrior cults to do their operations." [1.

Tactics[edit]MEND's attacks involve substantially more sophisticated tactics than those of previous militant groups in the Niger Delta. MEND's recent tactics have included: Swarm- based maneuvers: guerrillas are using speed boats in the Niger Delta's swamps to quickly attack targets in succession. Multiple, highly maneuverable units have kept the government and Shell's defensive systems off- balance defending their sprawling networks. Radically improved firepower and combat training: allowing guerrillas to overpower a combination of Shell's Western- trained private military guards and elite Nigerian units in several engagements. One of Shell's private military operators was captured as a hostage.)Effective use of system disruption: targets have been systematically and accurately selected to completely shut down production and delay and/or halt repairs, and the guerrillas are making effective use of Shell's hostages to coerce both the government and the multinational.[1.

The militants have repeatedly bombed pipelines, triggering an international increase in the cost of oil.